Uncover the science behind the split-brain syndrome Science in Seconds (( A Britannica Publishing Partner) See all videos for this article The hypothalamus produces hormones that control the secretions of the anterior pituitary gland, and it also produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are stored in and released by the posterior pituitary gland. The thalamus is the main relay centre between the medulla and the cerebrum the hypothalamus is an important control centre for sex drive, pleasure, pain, hunger, thirst, blood pressure, body temperature, and other visceral functions. The forebrain includes the cerebral hemispheres and, under these, the brainstem, which contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Relatively large in humans, this “little brain” controls balance and coordination by producing smooth, coordinated movements of muscle groups. In mammals the midbrain is greatly reduced, serving primarily as a connecting link between the hindbrain and the forebrain.Ĭonnected to the medulla, pons, and midbrain by large bundles of fibres is the cerebellum. It also is involved with integration in reptiles and birds. The midbrain, the upper portion of which evolved from the optic lobes, is the main centre of sensory integration in fish and amphibians. The pons is partly made up of tracts connecting the spinal cord with higher brain levels, and it also contains cell groups that transfer information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum. The medulla transmits signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain it also controls such autonomic functions as heartbeat and respiration. The hindbrain is composed of the medulla oblongata and the pons. Human brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) © Hemera/Thinkstock
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